3种不同支气管动脉栓塞方法治疗大咯血的疗效比较

目的 探讨3种不同支气管动脉栓塞术治疗大咯血的临床价值，观察不同的栓塞物质和栓塞方式对大咯血治疗的临床效果及与并发症的关系。方法 93例大咯血病例，26例行单纯明胶海绵栓塞，30例行夹心面包法栓塞，37例行四重夹心面包法栓塞。所有病例随访6～24个月。结果 3组病例近期（6个月内）有效率：单纯明胶海绵栓塞92％（24／26），夹心面包法栓塞100％（30／30），四重夹心面包法栓塞100％（37／37）；远期疗效（6-24个月）单纯明胶海绵栓塞和夹心面包法栓塞均有复发病例，四重夹心面包法栓塞无复发病例。结论 四重夹心面包法支气管动脉栓塞术是治疗大咯血的一种简便、创伤小，且高效的治疗手段。     

国外经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术后留置动脉鞘管的护理进展

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（PTCA）是近30年来治疗冠心病的主要技术之一，其相应的护理技术在过去近10年里有着明显的改进。本文以穿刺股动脉途径为重点综述国外PTCA术后留置动脉鞘管的护理进展：动脉外鞘管拔除责任者、拔除时间、拔管后局部压迫方法等内容，旨在提升PTCA术后的护理质量。     

冠心病患者肱动脉血管内皮依赖性舒张功能的超声检测

目的 利用高频超声评价冠心病（CAD）患者肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能（EDD）及其临床意义。方法 对113例连续冠脉造影（CAG）受检者术前行高频超声检查肱动脉EDD，并对两种检查结果进行相关性分析。结果 冠脉狭窄组、急性心肌梗死（AMI）组肱动脉EDD明显低于对照组（P〈0．01）；AMI组EDD显著低于心肌缺血组（P〈0．01）。结论CAD患者的EDD明显降低。     

Coronary endarterectomy on beating heart: Our experience

Introduction Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) associated with Endarterectomy is a high risk procedure. After the first report of coronary endarterectomy by Bailey et al in 1951, the preference for this surgical procedure was decreased due to increased morbidity and mortality In patients with total or subtotal large coronary artery obstructions in which there is no possibility to receive a conduit as graft for myocardial revascularisation, endarterectomy remains the procedure of choice. This study was designed to study early and midterm results of off pump coronary artery endarterectomy. Methods Of 172 Consecutive Off Pump CABG done at our institution from Jan 2003 to July 2005, 22 patients underwent supplementary coronary endarterectomy. 16 patients had chronic stable angina 4 had unstable angina two required emergency CABG with endarterectomy following perioperative infarction. The mean ejection fraction was 29.2±4.3 and all of the patients were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) III or IV. All patients were planned for complete total arterial revascularisation using Left Internal Mammary Artery (LIMA). Right Internal Mammary Artery (RIMA), Radial composite “Y” graft, Two patients operated for periop infarct received vein graft. In 16 patients closed endarterectomy was done in five patients double endarterectomy in single vessel was done to chase the plaque distally, in one patient open left anterior descending (LAD) endarterectomy with vein patch reconstruction was performed. Results There were no deaths. None of the procedures were converted to on pump operation. All endarterectomies and bypasses were performed on Beating Heart, all patients were completely revascularised. Peri operative cardiac enzymes studied showed no significant rise in the Creatinine Phoshpokinase (CPK)-Creatinine Phosphokinase myocardial Band (CPK-MB). The mean postoperative Ejection Fraction (EF) was 36.7%±7.2% which was significantly higher than the Preoperative one (p<.05). At the end of four months to one and half year 22 patients were in NYHA class I to II and all were angina free in canadian cardiovascular society class.f Conclusions Coronary End Arterectomy without cardiopulmonary bypass can be performed in patients who are expected to benefit from complete revascularisation. It can be performed with closed as well as open method. However to achieve complete endarterectomy by closed technique in some patients it is essential to chase the plaque. Early and mid term results are encouraging.     

进展性卒中与脑动脉狭窄的脑血管造影研究

目的探讨进展性脑梗死的影像学特点及与脑动脉狭窄之间的相关性。方法选择我院29例进展性脑梗死患者并与同期收治的31例完全性脑梗死患者比较,所有患者均行头颅MRI (或头颅CT)及脑血管造影检查(DSA检查),分析进展性脑梗死的影像特点及其与脑动脉狭窄的相关性。结果进展性脑梗死组分水岭脑硬死或侧脑室体旁梗死发生率72．4％(21／29)及脑动脉狭窄发生率75．86%(22／29)均明显高于完全性脑梗死组22．6％(7／31),35．48％(11／31)。进展性脑梗死组中重度狭窄发生率为55．17％(16／29),高于完全性脑硬死组的12．90%(4／31)。溃疡性斑块发生率在进展性脑梗死组48．28%(14／29)高于完全性脑梗死组16．13％(5／31)。结论中重度脑动脉狭窄及溃疡是进展性卒中的重要危险因素,应早期检查及处理脑动态狭窄以防止病情进展。     

冠状动脉旁路移植手术67例

目的报告2002年4月至2004年12月67例冠状动脉旁路移植手术(CABG).方法男性58例,女性9例,年龄41～76岁,平均58.5岁.合并二尖瓣病变同期手术3例,3支血管病变39例,2支血管病变28例.采取体外循环下手术(on-pump-CABG)和非体外循环下手术(off-pump-CABG)两种方式,各有其适应指征.结果全组死亡1例,其余治愈出院,随诊1～18个月,心绞痛消失,疗效满意.结论冠状动脉旁路移植手术安全,有很好的发展前景.     

正常婴儿肺动脉血流特征及解剖学原理分析

目的 应用超声多普勒技术测量正常婴儿肺动脉主干及左右肺动脉血流速度,并初步探讨其可能的机理.方法 使用GE Vivid7超声诊断仪检查60例正常新生儿,分别检测1周、1个月、6个月及1年时主动脉内径AOD;肺动脉主干内径MPA及血流速度Pv,左、右肺动脉内径LPA、RPA及血流速度LPv、RPv,并计算LPA RPA/AO.结果 1周时左、右肺动脉速度高于肺动脉主干速度,且以右肺动脉明显,1周后左、右肺动脉血流速度逐渐减慢,1年后均基本低于肺动脉主干内血流速度,肺动脉主干血流速度及LPA RPA/AO比例在1周、1个月、6个月及1年组差异无统计学意义.结论 正常新生儿左、右肺动脉血流速度较高,随生长、发育肺动脉血流速度逐渐降低直至正常.     

经桡动脉行冠状动脉造影术的安全性观察

目的探讨经桡动脉行冠状动脉(冠脉)造影术的特点及安全性。方法200例患者接受经桡动脉径路行冠脉造影术。结果196例成功,4例失败,其中3例桡动脉迂曲畸形导丝不能通过,1例为锁骨下动脉闭塞。所有患者无严重的并发症出现。结论桡动脉径路行冠状动脉造影具有止血容易,患者卧床时间短和并发症少的优点,是一种安全、有效的介入途径。     

异丙酚和异氟醚对非体外循环搭桥术患者围术期细胞因子的影响

目的:研究异丙酚和异氟醚对非体外循环搭桥术患者围术期炎性与抗炎性细胞因子平衡的影响。方法:择期非体外循环搭桥患者50例,随机分为2组。异丙酚组微量泵输入剂量为4～6mg·kg-·1h-1,异氟醚组吸入浓度为1%～1.5%。检测诱导前、打开心包、旁路血管开放30min,术后2h、24h血清白细胞介素6(IL-6)、白细胞介素10(IL-10)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的浓度。结果:2组患者旁路血管开放后IL-6浓度较术前升高(P<0.01),术后2h达高峰;术后2h异氟醚组高于异丙酚组(P<0.05)。IL-10浓度变化趋势与IL-6相似,旁路血管开放后、术后2h和24h异丙酚组高于异氟醚组(P<0.05)。2组患者TNF-α水平均无显著变化。结论:异丙酚麻醉促进IL-10的产生,抑制IL-6的产生,控制术中应激反应异丙酚优于异氟醚。     

小型移动数字成像系统下行经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术

目的 :探讨移动数字成像系统GE OECSeries 980 0进行经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术 (PTCA)的可行性和安全性。方法 :回顾分析 32例应用GE OECSeries 980 0X线机进行PTCA治疗冠心病的临床资料。结果 :①本组病例成功率为 90 6 % (2 9/ 32 ) ,血管成功率为 88 1% (37/ 4 2 ) ,病变成功率 83% (39/ 4 7)。成功病例狭窄由术前目测平均直径狭窄(92 8± 3 5 ) %减少到术后的 (6 5± 4 2 ) %。②AMI溶栓后补救性PTCA成功率高。结论 :应用GE OECSeries 980 0X线机能够满足心血管病区心脏介入治疗的需要 ,是安全可行的和具有良好的成本 效益比